Scientific name: Sambucus canadensis

Family: Viburnaceae

Origin: N America, Mexico, C and S America

Medicinal use: The fruit is used as medicine, wine, jelly, and coloring. It is traditionally used in the treatment of digestive disorders, diarrhea, red dysentery, with stomach pain, seats, chills, stomach pain, liver pain and constipation. In skin problems such as dandruff, clear it, rash, hair loss, measles, scabies, chilblains and burns.

Scientific name: Rubus fruticosus

Family: Moreae

Origin: Europe

Medicinal use: Used as a tinctorial plant. Green branches, leaves and roots can be used. They color from blackish to yellowish, going through brown and beige. The fruits provide anticyan pigment such as cyanidin, malvidin and chrysanthemum, which are sensitive to pH. The different colors that it adopts determine the degree of ripening (green, red and black, respectively).

Scientific name: Curcuma longa

Family: Zingiberaceae

Origin: SE India

Medicinal use: The extract of this plant is used as a food coloring in two ways: as turmeric (crude extract), cataloged with the European Union food code as E-100ii, shows a yellow color and is extracted from the root of the plant; and as curcumin (purified or refined state); both states generally referred to as turmeric.

Scientific name: Juglans neotropica

Family: Juglandaceae

Origin: S America

Medicinal use: It is a slow-growing tree, reaching 40 m and more in height, with brownish-red bark, and the canopy is oval. It produces edible fruits (called toctes in Ecuador), in drupes that turn yellowish green when ripe; or they are collected from the falls, or they are harvested properly from the foot when showing signs of maturation. They are an ingredient for the preparation of some marshmallows and in Ecuadorian nogadas. The juice of the fruit strongly stains hands and clothes.